18th October, 1922.
When and why did Radio One start broadcasting?
30th September 1967.
What is the Licence Fee and how much is it?
145,50 per year.
What is the royal charter?
The constitutional basis for the BBC.
What is the BBC Trust?
The independent governing body for the BBC.
What is the BBC's Mission?
To enrich people's lives with programmes that inform, educate and entertain.
What is the difference between national and local BBC radio?
National channels run national stories and mainstream music where as local stations will only report on stories which happen in a certain place.
What percentage of the population listen to BBC Radio?
65%
When did Commercial Radio first start broadcasting in the UK?
8th October, 1973.
What was the name of the first commercial radio station?
KDKA - 1920.
When did Capital FM start broadcasting?
16th October, 1973.
Who owns Capital FM and which other brands does this company own?
Global Radio, own others like; Heart, Classic, LBC, Juice, Gold.
What percentage of the population listen to this organisation's stations (all brands)?
39%
How is commercial radio funded?
Broadcast receiver licences, government grants and public donations.
How many commercial radio stations are there in the UK?
How many companies control the majority of these - who are they?
Global, Bauer, Local Radio Company, KRD,
Copy - Reading from a script and a script only.
Vox - Public opinion, small audio clips.
Voicer - Reporter, talking to experts.
Clip - pre-recorded, often parts of interviews.
Wrap - A mixture of all the above.
Codes and Conventions of Radio -
Presenter / Usually one, sometimes two,
News stories, dependant on which station you're listening to,
Interviews or call ins,
Music,
Competitions.
Radio Script Methods -
Copy,
Voicer,
Vox,
Wrap,
Clip
Daron Kelly, 42, was killed in the streets of Basildon, Essex after being attacked.
The police say that a thirteen year old girl has been arrested on suspicion of murder after Kelly was found in Caister Drive at 21:30 on Tuesday night.
Four others: a 20 year old man, a 17 year old man, a 16 year old man and a 15 year old girl have all also been arrested and are currently being held in custody.
Residents around Caister Drive fought to save the lorry driver's life although they did everything they could.
Kelly was treated by paramedics as they arrived on the scene although he inevitably died later that night in Hospital.
Any witnesses are urged to contact the Essex police at sdcappeals@essex.pnn.police.uk
Free Range Food Script - 160 words.
Newsreader intro script: Here at South Downs, free range eggs aren't available in all of the cafes. Having this news recently been released, there have been protests around the college. Here is reporter Jake Stokes with more information.
Free range eggs news voice clip
https://soundcloud.com/jakestokes98/free-range-eggs/s-lU8RC
Story 1 – 75% of teachers
set to leave in the next 6 months in England
A recent Guardian survey for
teachers has revealed that 43% of teachers across England plan to leave the
profession in the next five years. It was also revealed that 98% of teachers
are under increase pressure and 82% described their workload as ‘unmanageable’. The survey also asked colleges and schools
about their staffing and 79% of educational facilities said they are struggling
to recruit or retain teachers. On top of that, 88% think that the problem is
only going to get worse. The almost 5000 responses to the survey held by the
Guardian also revealed that 73% of
teacher’s mental & physical health were
being affected because they were working 65 hour weeks. One teacher said “I work 60 hours a week on average and still don’t feel like I’m doing a good job – I want a life outside of work too.”
Story 2 – Poland Prime Minister Beata
Szydło says his country is no longer prepared to take the 7,000 refugees they
agreed to accept in negotiations with the EU because of the deadly Brussels
attacks. She also added that she does not see any possibility for the refugees
to come to Poland. They had planned to
take 400 refugees within the year although they have decided against the agreement after the Brussels attacks for the safety of the country..
Story 3 – After all, New Zealand has decided to keep its current flag – keeping the UK link. The results of the expensive referendum, which cost the country 12 million pounds, are expected to be confirmed next week. Rumors have it that only 43.2% voted for the new flag design – which was 915,000 votes. John Key was hugely in favor of the new flag although it wasn’t enough influence to get a majority vote. Even though he didn’t get the result that he wanted, he said that NZ should embrace their flag and furthermore “Be proud of it!” He said later “Obviously I’m a bit disappointed there was no change but nearly a million people voted for change, just because it’s not the outcome I wanted doesn’t mean it wasn’t a worthwhile process.”
Story 3 – After all, New Zealand has decided to keep its current flag – keeping the UK link. The results of the expensive referendum, which cost the country 12 million pounds, are expected to be confirmed next week. Rumors have it that only 43.2% voted for the new flag design – which was 915,000 votes. John Key was hugely in favor of the new flag although it wasn’t enough influence to get a majority vote. Even though he didn’t get the result that he wanted, he said that NZ should embrace their flag and furthermore “Be proud of it!” He said later “Obviously I’m a bit disappointed there was no change but nearly a million people voted for change, just because it’s not the outcome I wanted doesn’t mean it wasn’t a worthwhile process.”
Story 4 - UEFA is
considering a major revamp for the format of the Champions League. This could
involve cutting the group stage to 16 teams instead of 32. The change is being driven
by continental clubs’ concern that they are being
left behind by huge revenues generated by the PL. Sources from PL clubs say that
the format could be getting changed into what essentially would be two mini
super leagues almost like the NFL. If changes were to happen, it would not be
implemented
VOX POP
Weather – The weather today is very breezy across the whole
of the England with large chances of rain which is expected to go into the
weekend.
Voice Piece
http://soundcloud.com/user-482863360/jake-vox-1
http://soundcloud.com/user-482863360/jake-vox-2
Assignment Two Evaluation
I aimed at Sky News listeners with my voice piece. I aimed at these people as they are generally older people who listen to the radio for the news. I also think this audience would enjoy my news piece as it has a wide range of stories related to different things; I have some politics stories, an opening story about a relevant topic with a lot of statistics and a sports story which everyone likes. I think I have something for every listener.
My opening story was about the teachers and extremely shocking statistics found from a survey done across Britain. At the time it was extremely relevant and had many news values, it made front page in the Guardian and The Mail. I decided to make this my opening story as no one can really ignore it, teachers will have a hardened opinion on the topic, parents will be interested as their kids will be attending schools, colleges and universities for the next 5-15 years depending on their age and even young people who listen to the news can be interested in this story.
My second story was about Poland and their refusal to take in their agreed number of refugees. This was big news at the time, creating ripples in plan the EU created to take in refugees and had everyone's eyes on our PM for a while. It had a lot of news values and I think older people, who I aimed my news at, would be interested.
My third story, also an international story (like the former), is to do with a New Zealand flag referendum and how they decided to keep their current flag. I think from my four stories, this is by far the weakest one I have done. Most viewers probably don't really care and it doesn't affect almost all of the listeners. If I were to re-write the radio script I probably would have replaced it with a different story to pique listener's interest even further.
My fourth story is about sports, specifically football and the change in format for the UEFA Cup. I was initially going to report on a result of a recent game, although I thought about my listenership and decided on a story an older audience could relate to. I think even people who don't follow football can appreciate what's happening as it's a huge deal. Football is also extremely popular worldwide, and by far the most popular sport in England so it's bound to get a lot of interest from listeners.
As asked, I did two copy written stories, a news reader voice piece and a vox pop with the weather closing out, which ended about 10 seconds over the time which was required. I think in the audio recordings I spoke clearly and it was professionally done. As for the stories, I out-sourced and found the stories on different news sites - with the NZ Flag story and the opening story coming from the Guardian. I wrote the stories in my own words and tried to look at them from a different angle if possible.
I think that it went well all together and my script was professionally written and produced. The only thing that I would change if I were to do it again would be the flag story. I didn't breath any legal restraints during the production and the writing of it so it would be good enough to be produced on national radio or TV as they both have the same legal restraints.
Radio Comparison Assignment
1st - Sky News Radio 5PM Bulletin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2EhYLuz8g
Stories -
Story one - Footballer received bullet in mail, threat over racial allegations.
Story two - Two men appear in court over murder of a decapitated body found.
Story three - Farmer jailed after animals found dead on his farm.
Story four - Man jailed after breaching court order to stop him staking former classmates.
Story five - Football fixtures and results
Story six - Olympic ceremony theme song announced.
BBC and Commercial Radio
Commercial is the broadcasting of media and content by privately owned corporate companies. BBC, on the other hand, is a public service broadcaster available to everyone who pays through a TV/Radio licensing fee.
Commercial stations have went more down the music route, there is a chosen genre of music where the popular tracks of that genre are played throughout the day. On commercial radio channels, the presenter(s) have little to no personality. BBC stations tend to be more mature and you can find a wider variety of music. The BBC encourages personality. They also believe that they should deliver the community with the most recent news, information, and guests.
Who is the audience?
Radio stations tend to generally be aimed at older people, as the majority of younger people don't listen to radio stations for news. It talks a lot about sports and has a lot of crime also, making me think the majority of listeners are male.
Why do you think the first story is the most important?
The opening story was the Ferdinand racism/threat story. Sport is largely followed by a lot of people so it'll get a lot of attention already. Also racism stories and things of the like have a stigma of being controversial. This is good for news station as it gets around to a lot of people. The first story doesn't always have to be the story that is the most important thing happening in the world.
I feel it was also talked about in more depth and for longer than the rest as it had more news values, it stirred conversation.
The whole bulletin was national news, as often it is with Sky as they are an international station.
The stories are treated differently for obvious reasons. The more gruesome and sinister stories are going to be told in a more serious and deep tone, like the story of the stalker and the murderer. But stories about football fixtures and the Olympic theme are going to be told in a friendlier and more light-hearted tone.
2nd - Jack FM 6 PM Bulletin
Stories -
1st - Robber killed by owner of house during home invasion
2nd - Politics
3rd - Woman attacked.
4- Rugby
5 - Football results and fixtures
How is it different from the first radio station?
The first radio station had a lot more stories in a longer of time. They both seem to cover the same types of news, but Jack FM has more local news where as Sky seem to focus on international.
What format is the station?
The format of Jack FM is most noticeably a music programme although it does a bit of everything to attract the most viewers. From looking at Jack FM's website, you can clearly tell it focuses on music as it primarily advertises festivals and music in the banner and homepage. Although there are tabs for everything deeper on the website.
Audience for this station?
I think this stations aims for much a younger demographic. The bulletin I heard was only 1 minute and 3 seconds long and covered stories that maybe younger people would be interested in. They also seemed to talk about sport for a long period of time. Also, their main content is a constant supply of mainstream music so I think it tries to cater to the young even while still covering news, weather and other things.
Discuss the top story, why is the first one?
The top story was about a man who had killed a robber in his home. This, like Sky's first story, is one that will create A LOT of controversy. Should the man be tried for murder, or was it in self defence? It was relevant, and it included death which has a lot of value in news. They treated it with quite a serious tone, as they should have, although it wasn't in the spirit of the radio station.
How were the stories treated?
All of the stories were treated with a friendly tone, apart from the first one about the murder. I think this further proves that it's catered towards a younger audience as they aren't going to listen to an old, monotone voice speak about the news. They seem to speak about the sports stories for longer than the rest, especially the politics.
National or local?
The first stories were national, although they focused locally with the sports and the woman attack.
Comparison of First Story
Sky News - Footballer Threatened and Racism allegations
Jack FM - Man kills home invader.
Straight away, you'll notice that they both involve some form of violence. The footballer had been sent a bullet in the mail. They both create a lot of talk around the subjects as racism has been, and probably always will be, a controversial topic. It's also extremely controversial with the killing of the man, as he most likely killed him in self defence and he was on his property although was it really right to kill him, or was it even on purpose?
Laws, Regulation and Ethics
Defamation
- Defamation is the act of ruining or damaging someones reputation or career through libel or slander; slander being through speech and libel through writing/text.
Things that are defamatory:
Damaging someone's profession/income,
Lowers their reputation or reliability in the public eye,
Exposes them to hatred, ridicule or contempt,
Causes them to be shunned.
To win a defamation case in a court of law, a person must prove four things:
Another person conveyed defamatory messages they knew, or should have known, to be false,
The material containing the message was published and available to the public, or others,
The person suing can prove they are the person being defamed in the published material,
The damage that had been done to them as a result.
If you are being defamed, anyone has the right to sue. Although, obviously, people of a higher reputation have more reason to sue as they have more to defend; this also means that they can sue for more money. On top of that, people can also sue for punitive damages - this is when they are required to pay more as punishment.
What are the legal consequences?
Jail time is a possibility, although only in extreme measures in certain countries, where defamation is a criminal offence, other than a civil wrong-doing. Usually they'll be issued a fine, with the amount relative to the amount of damage caused. On top of a fine, as mentioned earlier, they can be charged punitive damages.
Contempt of Court
-Contempt of Court is the offence of being disrespectful or disobedient to a Judge, or it's officers, in a court of law. It's considered illegal behaviour as it does not obey or respect the rules of the court of law. It is often labelled as 'wilful disregard for the authority of the court'.
There are two different kinds of contempt, one being as mentioned above - being generally rude and disobedient in the court. Where as the other form of contempt is not following orders given to you by the Judge or other authority.
Contempt of Court is the highest power that a Judge holds to give when someone in the court is being rude.
Judge's rulings of contempt can often land people up to a month in Jail, which some consider far too much although it is considered in court, a criminal offence.
In 2013, a man was jailed for almost 2 years after vaulting a gate and attacking the judge after she had jailed his brother for manslaughter. In the trial, the judge issued the punishment and claimed "We have in this country courts which are open to the public, but what you did was an attack on justice, on the administration of justice, an attack on the rule of law."
Reporting Restrictions -
Children
In England, people caused of committing offences who are 18 or younger are dealt with in youth courts. There are automatic bans in place relative to identifying minors, and any information which could lead to the confirmation of their identity.
You must not publish their:
- name,
- school,
- adress,
- photos
- ANYTHING that leads to their identity.
In a magistrates and crowns court, there are restrictions on what is allowed to be reported whilst a case is active. These things are:
The name of the court,
The judge,
Summary of the charges,
Names, addresses, images, and ages of ALL defendants and witnesses,
name of lawyers and arrangements of bail.
This may sound like a lot, however arrangements are often made to lift some of the restrictions depending on the information. The judge has the power to lift these restrictions whenever they want.
Legal consequences and punishment tend to come under contempt, although depending on the depth of what you have reported, things can be much more serious. With threats of facing multiple years in jail.
