Ethical Designer

GIF.

I created these animations in Adobe Photoshop. I created the animation by finding a tab at the bottom and pressing 'Create Frame Animation'. From there, I created a layer and wrote my name in a layer I wanted to use throughout the animation. I then made more layers and changed the position of my name in each one. Once I had done this, I tweened the frames which created many more in-between the already existing ones making it move smoothly once played.





I did the same on the animations underneath although I started with the ball of the page.
To make it fade in and out I changed the opacity of the ball with each frame so that it gave a fading illusion.

Second GIF

Third GIF

In this final animation, I did the same. I used three different layers to work on three different objects at once.











Factoid Workshop (Practice)

Poster













Cowspiracy Notes:


Al Gore, VP - Climate Change Activist.
Cow farming produces more harmful gasses than all fuel vehicles combined.
100 Billion Gallons of water used in mechanical equipment, Cow farming uses 34 trillion yearly.
One quarter pound hamburger costs 660 gallons of water.
65% of the worlds nitrox oxide comes from cow farming which is 96% worse than co2 that comes from vehicles.
Leading cause of habitat destruction, dead ocean zones, and even animal extinction.
Methane from farming
Humans and animals we own make up 98% of biomass, in comparison to the 1% 10,000 years ago.
91% of environmental destruction is done because of animal agriculture and  livestock farming.
Organisations hide from animal agriculture as its bad for their brand as they need a solid line of funding.
51% of ALL greenhouse emissions.
Ocean ruined by toxicity of feces.
Fishless oceans by 2048, scientific predictions.
40-50 million sharks killed as by-kill every year
Serial depletion
The rainforests are being damaged at the speed of one football field every second.
Environmental communities refuse to speak and act out against animal agriculture and farming



Animation

Animation Evaluatio

Use of Color
Since my animation's fact is about shark bypass killings, I decided to mainly use blue (as the background), in reference to the habitat of the animals and red, representing their blood in the water. On top of their meanings, it's extremely easy to read as red is a complimentary color.

Text
I tried to find a font that looked like blood dripping, which is why I used the font I did. As for actual text, I made my point clear and concise while still being easily readable for people viewing. I chose a different font for the second part of the animation. This text was much bigger and bolder. I did this as this part is the main point of the animation telling people that animal agriculture isn't acceptable and we should stop.
Imagery
I think I could have done a lot better on the image I used as it is very cartoony where as the rest of the animation is very serious. I also think I could have implemented a few more images into the animation as there is only one. Although, the image used was relevant to the text and point being made.

Information Hierarchy
I decided to put my actual statistic and fact before the "STOP ANIMAL AGRICULTURE" screen as I think generally people are more absorbed and attracted to facts and statistics they don't know so they'll read and stay at first glance. Where as if I started with the latter screen, they wouldn't bother continuing to watch as they have no reason to care about animal agriculture as in everyday life it's a tragically overlooked issue.

Tools and techniques
I created my whole animation in Adobe Photoshop. I created the animation by finding a tab at the bottom and pressing 'Create Frame Animation'. From there, I created a layer and brought all my layers I wanted to use throughout into the first frame. I did this for convenience purposes later on so I wouldn't have to keep making this invisible in later frames. I then made the text I was using in the first frame visible. I then went into the second frame and made the next part visible, while moving the positioning of the first frame's text so when played it moved. I continued doing this for the rest of the layers. I also used techniques like changing the opacity so that things were clearer. Once I had done this, I tweened the frames which created many more in-between the already existing ones making it move smoothly.

Most successful thing about the animation?
I think that the animation's most succesful feature is the choice of color and text, I think the colors compliment each other extremely well and the text gives off the sinister, blood-like feel I wanted it to. I also think the animation looked pretty good, although if I had a chance to redo it, i'd put more frames in the animation in general so it appeared more smooth.

TV Production

Reality Spin-off Show

Britain's Got More Talent

Britain's Got More Talent, or BGMT, is a spin-off show or a companion show broadcasted directly after the Britain's Got Talent main show. It has been aired since the beginning of the main show with Stephen Mulhern hosting it from the start. It shows interesting acts that didn't make it onto the main show with behind-the-scenes footage and inaccessible pre and post interviews with some of the more memorable acts briefly shown. At the end of each season, BGMT does a different kind of mini series that goes over the 'Best and the Worst' of the competition, including the best interviews from the beloved, dynamic duo Ant and Dec.

The show does a great job making viewers of the main show stay and watch the extras. Many of the viewers of the main programme watch for the funny moments and the tragic acts who participate realistically expecting to win.

Big Brother's Bit On The Side

Big Brother's Bit on the Side is a show similar to BGMT. It's aired directly after the live show, for both the celebrity programme, and the original. Hosted by former house mate Rylan Clark, who won the celebrity show in 2011, the show attracts almost as many viewers as the show gets live. It is just like any other spin off / companion show in which the host discusses events that happen in the house, bring in former or recently departed house mates to interview and talk with and show clips that weren't seen on the show. They do a really good job because they know that the demographic can't get enough of the drama so showing them more clips of arguments/discussions between the house mates gives them a reason to be intrigued enough to watch the show.


Codes and Conventions

These companion shows are usually hosted almost like a news programme, with a presenter sitting at a desk in a studio with his paper/cards to remind them what they're talking about in the show.
In Big Brother's Bit on the Side, there is a sofa next to Rylan's desk for the guests to sit on which makes it feel more social like the viewer is actually part of the conversation. There is also a screen on the back wall of the studio which shows highlights/clips of what they're talking about. Different from other shows, Big Brother's Bit on the Side has a live audience which is actually in frame and they sometimes aren't even passive, being allowed to give their input and Rylan even asks for their opinion and asks them questions directly. Usually the camera shots will be directed on one person's face at a time, whomever is talking and not on the whole studio directly.

Although most companion shows are like that, BGMT is a bit different. It's almost just like another episode of Britains Got Talent because it's not a talk show but just more contestants doing their talents. Although it's similar to the real show, it has a lot more talking and interviews by Ant & Dec. The show tends to show worse contestants than the real show, making it comical and interesting for the viewers as a lot of people watch just to see how bad some people are. It also shows more clips of the judges that weren't aired on the real show. There aren't that many codes & conventions different from the actual show.



TV Production Proposal 

Whose the intended audience for your film?
The intended audience for my programme is teenagers because I think they'll be most likely to take an interest in celebrity culture.

Why will your audience want to watch your programme?
Our audience will want to watch our programme because teenagers are fascinated by celebrity culture  and will choose to watch so they can gather more information about people they like/idolise.

What is the subject of the documentary? Who is it about?
The subject of our show is celebrity culture. This programme is mainly focused around Chris (who is acting as someone who just got off 'The House' which is our fictitious reality show). It's about what he does, what's he going to do and just generally his life.

What is the point of view?
The point of view is that of the celebrity we are interviewing. Our show wants to give insight into what it's like being in The House directly from a loved house mate's point of view, we also want to show what the celebrity does off camera and in his own time. I think viewers will be very interested as teenagers obsess over celebrities.

What is your hook? Why will someone continue watching your film after one minute?
People will continue to watch because we'll build intrigue and ask the questions that they want answered. Since the house member we interviewed was supposedly voted on, viewers of the show will want to hear what he has to say and are brazenly interested in him if they voted him on.

What happens at the start of the programme?
I've watched a few examples of knock off TV shows and they all start the same, before they bring on the guests and start asking questions and showing clips, they introduce themselves and tell everyone what they're going to be talking about. I think we will start the show like this so that we can build intrigue and get people interested. If we tell them what's going to happen they will want to stay and watch the whole show.

What happens in the middle?
In the middle of the show, we'll talk to the guest about various things and show some clips of things that happened in the house. This is what the viewers want to see, and are interested in.

What new information can the audience take away?
The audience voted to see the celebrity on so they can take away information about the guest interviewed, they can also get deeper knowledge of things going on in The House which could influence votes or make them dislike or like other house members.

How long will your show be?
We tried to aim for about 4 minutes. The start which will just be me presenting will be roughly on screen for 45 seconds to 1 minute and the interview with the guest will be on screen for the majority of the time. At the end I will thank the guest and end the show which will be on screen for an extremely short time, roughly 10-15 seconds.

List the events/locations you will film
All of our show is a talk show so it will all be done in a studio therefore we don't need to move around a lot and prepare for a lot of filming locations it should be fairly easy.

List all the equipment you will need

Filming Camera,
Mics,
Green Screen,
Lighting.

Video Editing Evaluation

Intro

The assignment asked us to make a factual programme in small groups. We were allowed to choose the topic of the programme; Cam and me chose to do a reality show spin-off. We took inspiration from Big Brother’s Bit on the Side and looked at codes & conventions from The X-Factor Xtra.

Pre-Production

Since Cam and me were only in a group of two, we didn’t really decide on who was doing what and we just made a group blog that we both contributed to.

Before starting our recording, we wrote a script and practiced it so that our programme looked as good as possible. We made sure that we were equipped with the equipment that we needed to record.

We carried out pre-production processes so that our programme looked as professional as possible when we recorded, and so that we knew what we were doing prior to recording.

What went well?

I think that our pre-production overall was good and the majority went well. I think our safety measures and storyboard was good, we made sure everything was good and we made sure we had a variety of shots to make it look better and not get stagnant.

If you could recreate the project, what would you do differently?

If I could have re-done the project, I think we would have done the script differently. I think in the actual programme it looked very bland as if we were reading straight from a script, whereas on a talk show it should sound and look genuine.

I think our pre-production research and planning really helped when it came to the creation as we knew what we wanted to achieve and it especially made our script easier to create as we knew exactly what to cover.

Production

During the production, I was the presenter in the programme so I instigated most of the talking and was the main actor. I also helped set up the studio, helping with the green screen and lights.

I think that our actual programme could have been a lot better, although I think our script was good as we talked about what they would usually speak about on the show and I think we covered a lot, using fake twitter questions and showing an actual clip from the show.
When editing, me and my group used a lot of editing skills. We edited in an intro and transition for every time the screen changed so it looked more professional, although due to the green screen not being lit well enough it made it look quite tacky. We also changed the opacity to try and fix this problem although there wasn't much we could do so it doesn't come out like the professional quality we wanted when we were planning.

Conclusion

I think our planning and pre-production was a lot better than the final product. I think the script and the planning were the things that we did the best. I think if we were to re-do the assignment, we would make sure the green room was more prepared so that our filming didn't look like it did this time when it came down to editing. I also think we should have rehearsed our actual script some more so that when we filmed it looked more professional as we wouldn't have had to keep looking down.

Sleep Council

Sleep deprivation is a problem for people of all ages across the UK - whether you're 14 or 30. People who haven't looked into it, don't know the consequences that come with lack of sleep. Memory damage, depression, weakening of the immune system, increased pain precipitators - these are just some of the consequences that people don't know about. These problems are minor if only surfaced for a short time but they could get serious if you consistently don't sleep enough, although there are unknown dangers too. Scientific studies show that people who are deprived of sleep perform much worse in day to day activities, driving whilst tired is worse than driving under the influence. If you struggle to keep your eyes open, and can't focus, you're probably too tired to drive. It makes your skin age faster, you lose motivation and quite frankly sleepiness increases risk of death.

But why are people sleep deprived?

There's a variety of things that can be culpable in why we're getting less sleep. In my opinion, the current technology is the biggest culprit for many reasons. With new technology, you can access anything you want in a matter of minutes - no matter what you're doing, playing scrabble, sending some last minute emails - it all directly engages you. On top of that the light from your phone or laptop is an active stimulant to your brain keeping you up further. For the employed it's even worse, students will have a 7 hour college day and then continue to work a minimum wage job for another 6 hours at night which makes them value their free time, which they don't get enough of. This makes them stay up later as they have things to do.

My Target Audience 

I chose teenagers between the age of 14-19. I think the problem of sleep deprivation is prime with people of this age. Teenagers and young adults are the primary users of the various social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook and others. Looking at sleepfoundation.com, I found out that teenagers get the less sleep among all ages. I picked them because I think the problems listed above are more showing in younger people and they don't value their sleep enough because they might not have their priorities straight.  Experts from Harvard say that the average teenager needs 9 hours of sleep to be at their fullest and it's fundamentally ignored by teens. They say their is a 'subconscious' attitude that people want to show they can perform tasks on a low amount of sleep.

Even though people use new, screen-based technology that prevents them from sleeping, you can't blame them fully - young people have constant, natural hormone changes which prevent them from sleeping at certain times which isn't their fault. 

Communicating to my Audience

I think communicating to my audience wouldn't be too hard, as they spend multiple hours every day online and on social media. I would promote my campaign using social media adverts and on TV. 

Shows that fluctuate in viewing figures with teenagers would be a good time to promote my campaign, articles and websites. Shows like the X-Factor and I'm A Celebrity! Get Me Out Of Here would be the best times to advertise although they would most likely be extremely expensive so if they don't pay off it could result in a large money deficit for my company. Print posters could also work around popular areas and especially at college - as there are thousands of people walking past these noticeboards everyday.

I could also use viral marketing to promote my campaign as this appeals to teenagers. If the funds were available, I could also get a celebrity endorsement - someone who is in with teenagers so it will inspire them and maybe the message will mean more to them.

Slogan 

Get enough sleep, and your health you'll keep.

I think this slogan is good because teenagers care a lot about their appearance and how others see them, so they would care about their health so hopefully this appeals to them.

Critical Approaches

Introduction

Television and music haven't always got along, audiences haven't been as engaged as they were with music on television since the abrupt end of Top Of The Pops in the late July of 2006. The respectable efforts of 'talent' shows such as The X-Factor or The Voice are the most popular music related television shows now and quite frankly they're already getting boring, leaving the audience implacable, with viewership statistics showing that. Some viewers think that a channel should bring back Top Of The Pops although with new media it just wouldn't be as popular as it was since music is so accessible via the internet - and other forms of new media - where as they had no choice when Top Of The Pops was so ridiculously popular. With the introduction of the internet and other forms of new media, the mainstream way of getting your dose of music has been compromised and a number of viewers have started accessing their music with multi-device consumption creating what is known as audience fragmentation. With the music television industry evolving, the audience is changing too - along with their behaviour and expectations. Some channels like the BBC have tried to air new music TV although even with a loved radio host like Greg James or Nick Grimshaw leading the charge the feedback received has reflected with insolence. This is because audiences expect more, when people watch they come with a background of information of their own - an awareness about social, political, ethical and philosophical matters, specific information about music and artists and what should during the show. The roots for these expectations started growing a long with the digital and electronic age as they can, with a few typed words and a few clicks, gather a large portion of information.

Music Show From The Past - Top Of The Pops

Top of the Pops, which aired on new year's day in 1964, was essential viewing for all British music fans. With limited ways to access music, it was no surprise the views were so consistently high - even when viewers "detested everyone on the show," they continued to watch it as there was nothing else.

The show generally starts with a popular music track with the presenter coming onto stage and welcoming the audience. Top Of The Pops was a relatively simple show, there was always a single presenter who came on stage at the start of the show after the audience roared during their many theme songs. The presenter built up the hype and told the audience who will be performing. Typically, although not during Christmas specials, there was 4-5 artists who performed 3 songs each. Usually each artist would perform all of their songs and then the presenter would give a 5 minute interview - sometimes even allowing the audience to ask some questions. For the Christmas episodes, and the festival specials, the show would also feature a segment like the current charts where they would take rhythmic breaks and let the viewers see the the most highly voted songs. This was also implemented into the weekly show although viewers complained that it was making it "too boring". With the introduction of YouTube, the format of this show has rapidly died down because back when this show was spawned people had little ways to access music so they listened for the
mainstream, popular music. Now that YouTube is about if someone wants to listen to a certain genre or a certain song they can do so in a matter of minutes, which would makes this format fail nowadays.


A more modern music programme which is extremely popular among adults and teenagers is X-Factor. It was aired on the fourth of September in 2004 in the UK. It is immensely popular, even starting a show in the U.S! It's format is simple: four judges on a panel, these judges change year to year although Simon Cowell who is basically the father of the show has stayed on from the get go.
Then there are the contestants who take part and perform for a large audience, which has been increasing and increasing over the decade. It's judges are often criticised for not letting the people who deserve to go through to the higher rounds go through as it wouldn't be entertaining. It has an interactive audience; there's an application for all smartphones that lets you simply vote for who you want to win. With the fluctuation of sales in smartphones in the past five years this lets almost anybody get involved and feel a part of a community. It has a very formulaic format, every season is the same, like most music shows. It's presented by the widely known celebrity Olly Murs.


In conclusion, I think that the music industry benefits greatly because of music shows. The X-Factor and Top of the Pops are very different although they both strived greatly in their time periods. Top of the Pops was popular as there was no other way for people to listen to music without watching. If they wanted music, they had to watch. The X-Factor, on the other hand, is popular because it's what people want to see; the upcoming celebrities, the incredible talent and the well, less talented people that they can laugh at together as a family. It's new people, writing their own songs as well as covering the popular songs they all know and love.


Understand how media audiences respond to media products.


Hypodermic Needle Model.
The hypodermic needle model is a theory about audiences/ The idea is that media messages are directly directly received and accepted by the audience.
The hypodermic needle theory implied that mass media had a direct, immediate and powerful effect on its audience.

The theory suggests that an audience will simply do as it's told without thinking about it.
It suggests a passive audience, one that does not apply its own thinking to the messages that it receives. This caused a great deal of concern as radio and television became more widely accessible forms of media. The theory has been largely disproved and more complex theories have been developed which take in to account the audiences ability to make rational judgements based on their own experience.

Uses and Gratifications Theory
Uses and Gratifications Theory tries to explain why people consume different types of media and what they get from it. It looks at how an audience will spend time and energy finding media which will meet their needs. Unlike the hypodermic needle model, which assumes that audiences are passive. This theory suggests that the audience take an active role in interpreting and integrating media into their own lives. The theory started with Herzog in the 1940s and several other theorists including Laswell, Katz and Bulmer and McQuail have helped develop the theory.

Reception Theory
Reception theory looks at how audiences receive and interpret the media they consume. Stuart Hall has developed this idea for media and communication studies. The theory has two parts. The first is concerned with encoding and decoding:
Encoding - This is where the producer of a media product fills that product with a message that they want to get out to people. Newspapers are good examples of this. By anchoring their images with captions and using emotive headlines, they encode their ideas in to the paper.
The second part of the theory concentrates on how someone understands a media product. Hall's idea is that the reader of a media text can interpret it in many ways.
Preferred - This is where the reader understands and agrees with the message.
Negotiated - This is where the reader generally accepts the preferred reading but sometimes modifies it in a way which reflects their own position, experiences and interests.
Oppositional - This is where the reader understands the preferred reading but rejects this reading and has an alternative, opposite view.


McQuail - Why people use media
Information, Personal Identity, Integration and Interaction

PEGI - Video Game Regulator (censorship)

Effects Debate:
The culmination theory suggests that long term consistent exposure to a single violent ilm or game is unlikely to cause someone to become violent overnight but, long term, repeated exposure to violence is likely to desensitise people to violence, both in media and in real life - hypodermic needle theory therefore suggests that playing violent video games will make someone violent.

Participatory.

The Audiences are active and have the means to get their word out, it's even possible that their opinion can make it onto live tv.

Fan Culture.

Fans and the community take an active role and help create a video game or programme.

Are video games really that bad?

Video game violence is an extremely controversial and debated topic in both societal and scientific environments. It's argued whether the content of video games changes the attitudes and actions of the consumer if played excessively and if this is reflected in video game culture overall. This debate has been ongoing for a long time, with a sudden influx of popularity and interest in the 1970s when a popular video game 'Death Race' was released. In said game, you were rewarded for mowing down innocent bystanders with various vehicles. Previously accepted video games which depicted major violence were often justified within the video game (such as police or military force), although in this video game the context contributed to moral perception that the game celebrated and rewarded unjustified murder which sparked outrage and public disapproval - despite this sales weren't squelched; in fact the opposite, sales increased by almost 275% and companies took inspiration for games such as Grand Theft Auto and Saints Row.

Audience response theories are one way of looking at whether or not mass media has an effect on audiences. Scientists propose that different people are more or less prone to becoming violent after playing excessive amounts of violent video games. According to scientists from the University of Chicago, people with antisocial personality disorders (or other mental illnesses) are more prone. Due to the undoubtable addictions that children and teenagers get whilst playing video games, this increases the amount of anxiety and depression leaving them more at risk of being adversely affected by violent video games. In 1999, only 5% of children reported to have been bullied where as in 2012 32% of 12-18 year olds reported being bullied.(http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/kooijmans.html)
There have been many different experiments done and observations made to try and find conclusive evidence of violent video games directly linking to violence. Different universities and scientific labs have done different tests, for example, Jeanne B. Funk from the University of Toledo led a study that looked at 150 people's exposure to video games and how they act in real life, focusing primarily on Desensitization in the pupils. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936665) On the other hand, psychology professor Steven Kirsh led a study that looked at people's interpretation and explanation of ambiguous information after being exposed thoroughly to violent media. Kirsh's primary areas of study are the effects of violent video games, emotion recognition and social information processing.
Fifty teenagers were exposed to the violent games and those who were interpreted the information in more sinister and violent ways. (https://www.geneseo.edu/~kirsh/vita/affect%20bias.pdf)

The hypodermic needle theory is a linear means of communication that suggests information distributed will be received and wholly accepted by an audience acquiescently. It means mass media has an instantaneous, powerful effect on the receiver's opinions and beliefs. It is thought to have first been conceptualised by the Frankfurt School in Germany when they published a study of human behaviourism. Some people don't see it acceptable to view media this way anymore although it's changed the way we talk about media. Now disbarred attorney Jack Thompson from Florida started his campaign against video games in 1997 when he saw a story in the news about a teenager killing three police officers after playing an excessive amount of notoriously violent video game Grand Theft Auto. He referred to these games as 'death simulators'. In a court of law, he was talking about his murder simulator theory and he based it on a linear model of communication, one where the consumer is placed as a passive, unthinking user who will replicate what is shown in the game. Although it got dismissed with no legal precedent.

Reception theory looks at how audiences receive and interpret the media they consume. Stuart Hall has developed this idea for media and communication studies. The theory has two parts. The first is concerned with encoding and decoding:
Encoding - This is where the producer of a media product fills that product with a message that they want to get out to people. Newspapers are good examples of this. By anchoring their images with captions and using emotive headlines, they encode their ideas in to the paper.
The second part of the theory concentrates on how someone understands a media product. Hall's idea is that the reader of a media text can interpret it in many ways.
Preferred - This is where the reader understands and agrees with the message.
Negotiated - This is where the reader generally accepts the preferred reading but sometimes modifies it in a way which reflects their own position, experiences and interests.
Oppositional - This is where the reader understands the preferred reading but rejects this reading and has an alternative, opposite view.
With consumers in video games, unlike the hypodermic needle theory, they don't take the information they are given at face value. This is against Jack Thompson, the attorney, because here the consumers are active. They decide whether they agree or disagree with what is being told to them. For instance, if for example there was a mission on Grand Theft Auto to kill someone, the consumer would still play the mission knowing that it's morally wrong and knowing well that they would never proceed to do the act in the real world where as with the former theory, the consumer wouldn't even think or argue with what they're doing. In my opinion, anyone playing these kind of video games should be able to morally know the difference between right and wrong.

 Uses and Gratifications Theory tries to explain why people consume different types of media and what they get from it. It looks at how an audience will spend time and energy finding media which will meet their needs. Unlike the hypodermic needle model, which assumes that audiences are passive. This theory suggests that the audience take an active role in interpreting and integrating media into their own lives. The theory started with Herzog in the 1940s and several other theorists including Laswell, Katz and Bulmer and McQuail have helped develop the theory. In regards to video games and violence, it doesn't support either argument wholly. It's not that video game's developers problem that the consumers go out of their way to purchase the game and play but it's against them because they actually produce and publish the game for the public encouraging the violence and the bloodlust.
 

The SDC Newsroom

Constraints and Restrictions - Jonathan Ross / Russell Brand

All contracts are subject to constraints, there are three main areas of constraints that will affect you as a working individual.
Time
Resources
Money/costs
Professionalism - Legal and Ethical considerations.
Copyright
Personnel

1. What professional codes did the programme producers infringe?
 The programme presenters as well as producers certainly breached ethical and professional standards. Jonathan Ross and Russell Brand should have respected the privacy of Actor Andrew Sachs and his granddaughter.
2. Who do you think was responsible for these infringements?
The producers are more responsible for the penalty as they should have stopped the pre-recorded show from being aired as it was clearly breaching professional code. Even though the presenters should have been more mature and considerate while recording.
3. Could the Ofcom fines have been avoided?
After the radio show was aired, there was no way to undo it as people had already heard it so the fines had to be issued although they could have avoided the fines if the producers would have realised that the recording was obviously inappropriate.
4. What steps should a company take to avoid these problems occurring?
With such controversial presenters, like Russell Brand, Jonathan Ross and Jeremy Clarkson, being hired to draw attention to shows, companies and broadcasters could hold yearly courses to remind presenters and producers of ethical and professional codes in the radio industry.

Proposal

Our group has came up with a phone/tablet application that we can publish our stories on. I think that this product is very practical as 7/10 people in the UK, between the age of 13-21, have a smartphone (via Ofcom). I think that this product can be extremely serviceable because of new media, not many people want to read a newspaper, or go to the shop and buy one, and to be honest most students probably don't even know there is a newsletter; this application let's the user (hopefully a student) get the news about their college/timetable/events easier and in a more practical way.

We think if we split the different sectors (that we think have the most potential stories with news values within the college) up and assigned one or two to each member of our group that would be the most efficient way to gather the most information for our stories. We don't think that the application would initially be popular as people our age might not want to read the college news, or even download an app although I think it would pick up as students will realize that it's only a few taps on their phone away to get all the information about events they might be partaking in and much more.

Importance of Working to a Brief

When working in the media industry, majority of work produced is produced for a client; whether it be a multi-million dollar company like the BBC, or a small, unheard of media company. When any company takes on new work, or they begin to create a new product, there will almost always be a brief. Briefs often come with a set budget, for someone like the BBC the budget could be as high £500,000 where as for a small company it'd be more in the region of 10,000-20,000 pounds - some contracts are non negotiable and you would have to work in line with what's on the paper although some are negotiable so you could talk things over with the client.

When presented with a brief, you and your colleagues (if you're not working freelance) need to confidently understand what is being asked of you as usually a brief is well thought out by a company and if you were to go out of line and make a mistake, or even went over the budget or time-scale of the brief they might not want the work that you have produced. When going over the brief, it's important that you consider the legal and ethical issues - some companies could even bring in a solicitor or a lawyer so they don't get into any trouble with the brief.

Different Types of Briefs

Contractual - A contractual brief exists when two parties are connected by a contract, if the contract is broken by either party legal action could be and most likely would be taken by the other party.

Negotiated - This contract exists when the two parties initially negotiate what's in the brief therefore leading to an agreement.

Informal - An informal brief is when two parties meet up face-to-face and discuss the contract in a social manner. It's a much more relaxed atmosphere where the two parties can negotiate and change the brief.

Formal - Formal briefs exist when a company uses certain, professional vocabulary to construct and the two parties would communicate via email/phone. Formal briefs are often ran by a consultant to make sure they're written within the strict legal guidelines; also to make sure there are no legal 'loopholes'.

Tender - This is when a client will pitch their brief to multiple different production companies and the companies will give an estimated cost and the client will then choose which company they wish to hire depending on the cost and what they can do for the client that differs from the rest of the companies.

Top Gear Ratings At An All-Time Low

With Clarkson sacked and his merry men going with him, Chris Evans has took the reins and it’s not going well to say the least. In the show’s 10 or even more, years running, it had an all-time low rating as of last week’s episode.

When the first episode launched, people thought it was going to be successful drawing in 10 million viewers, although steadily declining to 2.4 million (the all-time low).  The show’s consolidated audience for Sunday night will be substantially higher once people who recorded it and watch it in the next seven days are taken into account. Although, the ratings of the show are a huge indicator to the success of the show.

The BBC are saying that the viewing figures are so low as the European championship football match between Germany and Ukraine was aired at the same time as Evans’ show – which had almost seven million viewers. People are also saying Evans is not suitable for the role after being physically sick after being driven around at high speeds by his co-presenter.

Prior to this horrendous viewing figures last week, the lowest EVER viewing figure for a Top Gear episode – even in the Clarkson era was 2.7 million viewers back in 2003.

As some sort of consolation, Evans attacked critics verbally on social media saying that once recording figures come out the viewing numbers will spike suddenly.

Orlando Nightclub Shooting – Responsibility Taken By ISIS

At least 50, possibly more, have been killed in a nightclub in Orlando, USA with a possibility of over 70 more injured after what local authorities have called a ‘domestic terrorism act’.

Local police say that a security guard working inside the nightclub returned fire at the shooter at around 2 AM local time, which directly led to a hostage situation inside the nightclub.

A day after the attack, Police identified the shooter (who has now been killed by police fire) was Omar Mateen  - a 29 year-old who was born in the United States, despite his parents being from Afghanistan.

Authorities say that the male had been “leaning” towards Islamic State beliefs for months before carrying out this psychopathic act. There was a three-hour shootout with local police before SWAT came in and shot the man dead.

This is already being called the worst terrorist attack since 9/11 and ranks highest in the deadliest shootings in the USA. There were at least 350 people in the nightclub when shooting began, and at about 05:00 AM authorities decided they wanted to save the hostages and went in and shot the suspect. Locals and police are unknown when the shooter killed the hostages.

Witnesses inside the club said that the shooter had a pistol, a larger assault rifle and an unknown device on his chest.  Police are still looking into whether he acted as a ‘lone-wolf’ or if he had ties to terror groups. Police are still unsure at this point whether it was a lone act or not.

Hooliganism at the Euros

After the violent scenes in Marseille on Saturday following the Russia vs England Euros game, UEFA has opened disciplinary proceedings against Russia and potentially England if this behaviour continues.

People are blaming UEFA for this as French authorities and locals were concerned about this prior to the game as it was held in a relatively small city and it’s not the first time that fans have fought between to the two teams. Furthermore, security is almost non-existent for such a huge event, but on top of that – both teams are playing only 25 miles away from each other on the 16^th of June with estimated attendance numbers looking to exceed the game prior.

“If you’ve not got a ticket, don’t go to Lens. Go to Lille instead, where there’s a bigger fanzone. We know Brits will get where water can’t in terms of sporting events but people will not get in stadiums without a ticket. If you’ve not got a ticket, don’t travel,” this was advise from the leading footballing security constable Mark Roberts. Although if they listen, they’ll immediately run straight into the Russians again!

Meanwhile in Leon, a much larger city, hosts a game between Albania and Romania whose fans seem to be much more intelligent and less hostile. When looking to assign blame it’s not hard to point of UEFA although hooliganism is extremely stupid and embarrassing for both countries.

The Growth in the eSports Industry

ESL, one of the largest eSports organisations in the world, has revealed that they’re going to bring one of the largest events to Barclays Center in New York City this year. The venue, which is globally recognised by many for different reasons will provide multiple stages for many different things – one being a Counter Strike: Global Offensive tournament with a 500,000 dollar prize pool.

“The eSports industry is experiencing unprecedented growth and we are thrilled to be a part of it by hosting one of the largest tournaments on the East Coast.” Said Brett Yormark, CEO of Brooklyn Sports and Entertainment.

The event will be stretched across a span of two days, starting early on the 1^st of October and finishing the next evening.  ESL have stated that it will just be a competitive event, it will be more of a festival for gamers.

It’s bizarre how rapidly this industry has grown over the past 5 years. People who don’t play video games don’t really get to see it but really the growth is incredible. It’s been twenty years since the first gaming tournament, which only managed to bring in 500 viewers – a lot of people called it a joke and claimed it would never be a thriving industry. Now, top eSports event draw in live crowds and online audiences that rival the largest  traditional sporting events. Twitch.TV is a livestreaming website that allows organisations and individuals to broadcast their gameplay; this is where the majority of eSport competitive matches are shown. Figures from the website’s CEO show that the industry weekly attracts more than 200,000 viewers – and that’s not even the major events. Twitch.TV was recently bought out by Amazon for almost a billion dollars thanks to the gaming industry, although it could have never become what it is without this platform.

Companies that we all know and love in the sporting world are even getting involved in the scene, companies like Coke, Red Bull, Logitech and even Nissan are sponsoring events and even teams. This is something no one could predict and honestly it’s surreal.

You might already be surprised by some of this – but there’s even more. In 2013, the game that pulls in the most viewers, League of Legends managed to sell out a 70,000 capacity venue and also attract 27 million unique viewers over the week of the tournament. That’s more viewers than the NBA finals and almost a third of what the Super Bowl attracts.

Super Bowl 50 – A Brit’s Guide

So, the Super Bowl just passed, the 50^th nonetheless. With an astounding attendance of over 75,000, it’s by the far the largest and most anticipated sporting event of the year in the United States. It’s so big that most Americans consider Super Bowl week a national holiday. Although it’s extremely underappreciated in the UK; usually all you hear about is the latest footballing news.

So, what is the Super Bowl?
The Super Bowl, or commonly called the ‘Big Game’ by other companies due to its strict copyright laws, is the American football game between the two top teams from the two conference leagues – which are the highest level of football in the United States. The first Super Bowl was played in 1967.

The Super Bowl 50 was played on February 7^th at the Levi’s Stadium in California. It was between the Denver Broncos, who were the champions of the AFC (American Football Conference), and the Carolina Panthers who were the champions of the NFC (National Football Conference).

The Panthers were favourites going into the game after easily their best regular season with a 15-1 record and demolishing the Arizona Cardinals’ defense – beating them 49-15 and qualifying for the Super Bowl for the second time in Panther’s history. Cam Newton, their QB, who was also drafted number 1 in the NFL draft was crowned MVP of the entire season. On the other hand, the Broncos finished their season 12-4, mainly due to their defense which is easily one of the best in the NFL (National Football League) at the moment. Superstar quarterback Peyton Manning, who is often named the best Quarterback to play, has had quite a tough season telling journalists “It could be my last rodeo.” To progress to the Super Bowl, they beat the defending Super Bowl champions The New England Patriots 20-18 in an extremely close game.

After an super anticlimactic first 5 minutes, the first real talking point happened. After a small drive from the Broncos, Brandon McManus, who is the Bronco’s kicker scores a field goal which gets them 3 points. The Panther’s then made a drive of their own, unfortunately only making 9 yards; just one short of what’s needed for a 1^st down. Carolina punt 48 yards and Peyton Manning catches on their own 25.

After a huge drive later on in the first quarter, Von Miller sacks Newton and the ball fumbles into Carolina’s end-zone and the Broncos recover it leading to the first touchdown and giving them 7 points – further extending their lead to 10 points.

Nothing else worth talking about happened in the first quarter, making it quite frankly an extremely underwhelming and quite frankly boring 15 minutes.

Early in second quarter, the Panthers got a first down and a huge 36 yard run from Mike Tolbert lead to a fumble where running-back John Stewart recovered it and jumped over what looked like the whole squad for a touchdown giving the Panthers their first points and relieving some pressure as this game could have got out of control pretty rapidly.

After a promising drive from Denver, they run it out and Punt it back to Jordan Norwood at the Panthers end-zone. A tackle onto Norwood ends in a fumble which gives the Broncos the option for a field goal. Brandon McManus comes up and scores his second field goal of the day, giving the Broncos a 13-7 lead.

With only three minutes to play, Manning throws a sloppy pass towards Emanuel Sanders, the Bronco’s wide-receiver, but Kony Ealy intercepted it and makes a rapid 20 yards – pretty fast for a 6’3 guy who weighs 285 pounds. His play on the night made him the first player in NFL history to make two sacks and an interception in a Super Bowl game. From this drive, the Panthers once again go three-and-out (this is when a team makes three plays and still doesn’t get a first down). It really didn’t look like the team who went 15-1 in the regular season on the night.

A pretty boring first half brought us to the Super Bowl’s notorious half-time show. This year we all had the pleasure of watching UK band Coldplay with assistance from Beyoncé and Bruno Mars. It was very good but me and other fans weren’t really interested.

Overall, in the first half, the Broncos were dominating because of their reckless defense which seems to be paying off.

After 5 unsatisfying minutes, Cam Newton makes an expeditious run and hits Ted Ginn 45 yards inside Denver territory. Newton fails to land the throw to Greg Olsen although the Broncos got flagged and the Panthers have their own attempt on a field goal. Unfortunately for them, another choked play from the Panthers, this time from the special teams kicker Gano, who hit the right upright which was a huge miss of 3 points for Carolina. To be fair to him, it was a long one from 44-yards.

After Manning hits Sanders straight down the middle, it makes you wonder how he managed to get there and makes you think the Panthers are extremely disheartened. Denver are already on the Carolina 41; maybe this Peyton Manning guy is good after all. Denver are on their third play and they need 5 yards, they fail to convert although they get an opportunity for a field goal from the fumble. Once again McManus scores another field goal, making it his third of the night.

Five more disappointing, action less minutes passed and brought us to the end of the third quarter with the score line at 16-7 to Denver – no thanks to kicker McManus who is 3 for 3 in field goals tonight.

Cam Newton and squad look stressed on the side lines speaking to head coach Ron Rivera, maybe there’s some panic coming out of the team. Don’t let Denver see.

Only 2 minutes into the fourth, Manning was slow on the throw and got the ball knocked out of his hand which led to a fumble which Carolina recovered.  Peyton Manning has had a terrible night although you can’t deny he’s led an excellent career. Nothing came of the recover and Denver got it back.

After Manning gets flagged, Gano gets another opportunity for a field goal maybe he can earn back the respect of his fans for his earlier miss – and he does!

The Panthers got within a single touch down score at 16-10.

With 3 minutes to go, Newton fumbles and Denver recovers and make a huge drive and Anderson goes over two players in the middle for two yards scoring a touchdown – extending their lead to 22-10. They go for a 2 point conversion and end up getting it too, giving them 2 points and a 14 point lead.

Once again Newton gets sacked, for the 7^th time this time. You can see his anger on his face as he takes off his helmet and throws it on the ground, it basically rounds up their performance on the night as it was quite honestly tragic.

With only a minute left and Denver just wasting time – you have your Super Bowl 50 Champions! Denver’s defense carried the team tonight although the story of the night will be the possible retirement of Manning especially after finishing his career on a high winning the Super Bowl.

In my opinion, I am happy that Denver won so he can end his career on a high although I personally wanted the Panthers to win even though watching they obviously didn’t deserve it. You can tell the disappointment in the Panthers team in the press interviews after the game with QB Cam Newton giving one word answers or no answers at all and eventually getting up and leaving without saying anything. Manning told reporters that it was their “hardest test yet,”.

ESL One Cologne Major Groups Announced

Following ESL’s Cologne qualifier, all games have been concluded and the CS:GO teams who are going to the Major tournament have been chosen. Today, on the 8^th of June, the groups have been announced for the tournament that will be held from July the 6^th to July the 10^th in Cologne.

As usual for a major tournament in Counter Strike, there will be a one-million dollar prize pool. $500,00 for the winners, $250,000 for second place and $125,000 dollars for both third, and fourth place.

The eight highest rated teams in the world were already invited but through a vigorous qualifier held in Germany over the last few days, 8 additional teams have fought to gain entry. Today the groups have been announced and they look competitive as ever.

Group A:

Team Liquid, these guys are probably the best team coming from the North American scene,                               Virtus.Pro, the team who have fell off recently although the best team coming from Poland and the team who have been together for the longest in CS history.                                                                           Mouseports, a fairly new German team who house one of the best players in the world right now, Niko.                                                                                                                                                                                           And finally EnVyus, major winners two years ago, recently changing their roster although still a very strong team.

Group B:

Luminosity Gaming, a team coming from Brazil. Currently crowned the best team in the world, winning the last major tournament in Sweden.                                                                                                      Fnatic, Crowned best team in the world for almost a whole year, although recently dropping off with their star player ‘Olofmeister’ out with a wrist injury. Although still a competitive team.                                                                                                                                                                                                     FaZe Clan, this organisation fairly fresh in picking up a CS:GO roster although they managed to get some great players, even getting KioShima from world champions EnVyUs.                                                  G2 eSports, home to two of the worlds best players Adil ‘ScreaM’ Benrilton and Richard ‘Shox’ Papillon, they have recently been doing very well.

Group C:

Astralis, a unique team as they’re not owned by any organisation, they’re owned by themselves although formerly owned by TSM so they have a lot of experience and formerly called the best team In the world for a short period of time.                                                                                      CLG, these North Americans are climbing their way to the top slowly with some great performances although they are recently dropping off a bit although still managing to qualify over their rivals Cloud 9.                                                                                                                                              Gambit Gaming, one of the newer, more unknown teams creeping into the groups this year, although led by in-game leader Dauren “AdreN” Kystaubayev, they could be a suprising threat as he carries a lot of experience.                                                                                                                                              And finally, Team Dignitas, a Danish side who have been shuffling a lot of their players around recently, even getting rid of their star player “Pimp”, although the new roster looks very strong although I’m not sure how they’ll do in this group.

Group D:

Natus Vincere, or Na’Vi, are a CIS team made up of Russians and Ukrainians. They are competing for the title of best team in the world, although falling short to Luminosity in the finals of the last Major tournament. Obviously expecting them to easily get out of groups.                 Ninjas in Pyjamas, or NiP, are probably by far the most notorious Counter Strike team in the world. Most known for their incredible 87-0 game streak back in 2013-2014. Although, now they are not doing so great. Still an invited team who have recently been doing better with their new sniper ‘Pyth’.                                                                                                                                 OpTic Gaming, a new North-American team who have shuttled to the top of their region even taking some maps from the best teams in the world like Fnatic and Luminosity, expected to have a breakthrough performance here at Cologne.                                                  And finally Flipsid3 Gaming, by far probably the worst team here at the major, although they looked extremely good at qualifiers but I honestly don’t think that they are going to make it out of this group.

Team Liquid to sign Jacob "Pimp" Winneche 

Team Liquid is looking to announce the signing of its new Counter-Strike: Global Offensive player, former SK Gaming rifler Jacob "Pimp" Winneche, according to sources close to the team. Pimp will permanently replace Eric "adreN" Hoag, who was cut from the team last week due to unspecified reasons.

Pimp will join the team immediately, but will not compete with the team at the ECS Season 1 Finals on June 24-26 or the ESL One Cologne major on July 5-10. In his place will be former Team Liquid member, Ukrainian rifler and AWPer Oleksandr "s1mple" Kostyliev. At those events, the lineup for the team will be s1mple, Kenneth "koosta" Suen, Nick "nitr0" Cannella, Jonathan "EliGE" Jablonowski, and Spencer "Hiko" Martin.

The addition of Pimp may not be the only change the Liquid lineup makes. Sources say that koosta is also on the chopping block, with the team currently negotiating with Counter Logic Gaming AWPer Josh "jdm64" Marzano. Jdm64, for his part, has made a name for himself and is currently considered the best AWPer in North America due to solid performances with Counter Logic Gaming over the past few months.

Prior to joining the team, Pimp was a member of SK Gaming and Team Dignitas. Last November, Team Dignitas requested that Pimp step down from its lineup, but he wasn't without a team for long. Only a few weeks after, Pimp was announced to join SK Gaming and has played with the team since.

Now with Liquid, Pimp will look to be the saving grace of a team which has had mediocre results since bringing in koosta in the spring. Following a third/fourth place finish at the MLG Columbus 2016 major, Team Liquid entered an offline slump, taking 13-16th place at DreamHack Malmö, third/fourth at DreamHack Austin, fifth/sixth at ESL Pro League Finals, and most recently, last in its group at ELEAGUE after falling flat to Cloud9 and Renegades.